fix(injector): invoke config blocks for module after all providers

This change ensures that a module's config blocks are always invoked after all of its providers are
registered.

BREAKING CHANGE:

Previously, config blocks would be able to control behaviour of provider registration, due to being
invoked prior to provider registration. Now, provider registration always occurs prior to configuration
for a given module, and therefore config blocks are not able to have any control over a providers
registration.

Example:

Previously, the following:

   angular.module('foo', [])
     .provider('$rootProvider', function() {
       this.$get = function() { ... }
     })
     .config(function($rootProvider) {
       $rootProvider.dependentMode = "B";
     })
     .provider('$dependentProvider', function($rootProvider) {
       if ($rootProvider.dependentMode === "A") {
         this.$get = function() {
           // Special mode!
         }
       } else {
         this.$get = function() {
           // something else
         }
       }
     });

would have "worked", meaning behaviour of the config block between the registration of "$rootProvider"
and "$dependentProvider" would have actually accomplished something and changed the behaviour of the
app. This is no longer possible within a single module.

Fixes #7139
Closes #7147