[3.13] gh-127434: Fix iOS `xcrun --sdk` clang/ar scripts to allow arguments with spaces (GH-127575) (#127624)

Added shell escaping to ensure iOS compiler shims can accept arguments with spaces.
(cherry picked from commit 6cf77949fba7b44f6885794b2028f091f42f5d6c)

Co-authored-by: Feodor Fitsner <feodor@appveyor.com>